查看“颜色传感器”的源代码


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==概述==
颜色传感器采用TCS3414CS色彩芯片，通过I2C接口进行连接。基于8×2过滤光电二极管和16位模拟-数位转换器，你通过可以测量光线或物体表面的光反射来获得颜色值。

==规则==
*电气特性
**工作电压: 3.3 ~6.0 V
**工作温度 : -40 ~ 85  °C
*尺寸
**模块尺寸：2.0cm*2.0cm
*接口
**1.27mm间距的4Pin接口与Hub相连
**信号接口：IIC（GND，VCC，SDA，SCL）

==使用==
使用时，如果是检测光线的颜色，传感器上的LED需要关闭，并将光直接对准传感器，如果是检测物体的颜色，需要打开传感器上的LED，并且对准物体。
[[file:mCookie-color.JPG|400px|center]]

==开发==
===设备===
*'''[[mCookie-CoreUSB/zh]]'''
*'''[[Microduino-Color detector/zh]]'''
*'''[[mCookie-Hub/zh]]'''

*其他硬件设备
**USB数据连接线   一根
[[File:Reflcect.jpg|600px|center]]

===准备===
*Setup 1：将颜色传感器接口和Hub的IIC接起来。
[[file:mCookie-shock-sensor.JPG|600px|center]]
*Setup 2：将CoreUSB，Hub，颜色传感器连接在一起。通过USB数据线将接入电脑。
[[file:mCookie-shock-pc.JPG|600px|center]]

===调试===
*打开Arduino IDE，将下列代码复制到IDE中。
<source lang="cpp">
#include <Wire.h>
#include <math.h>
#define COLOR_SENSOR_ADDR  0x39//the I2C address for the color sensor 
#define REG_CTL 0x80
#define REG_TIMING 0x81
#define REG_INT 0x82
#define REG_INT_SOURCE 0x83
#define REG_ID 0x84
#define REG_GAIN 0x87
#define REG_LOW_THRESH_LOW_BYTE 0x88
#define REG_LOW_THRESH_HIGH_BYTE 0x89
#define REG_HIGH_THRESH_LOW_BYTE 0x8A
#define REG_HIGH_THRESH_HIGH_BYTE 0x8B
#define REG_BLOCK_READ 0xCF
#define REG_GREEN_LOW 0xD0
#define REG_GREEN_HIGH 0xD1
#define REG_RED_LOW 0xD2
#define REG_RED_HIGH 0xD3
#define REG_BLUE_LOW 0xD4
#define REG_BLUE_HIGH 0xD5
#define REG_CLEAR_LOW 0xD6
#define REG_CLEAR_HIGH 0xD7
#define CTL_DAT_INIITIATE 0x03
#define CLR_INT 0xE0
//Timing Register
#define SYNC_EDGE 0x40
#define INTEG_MODE_FREE 0x00
#define INTEG_MODE_MANUAL 0x10
#define INTEG_MODE_SYN_SINGLE 0x20
#define INTEG_MODE_SYN_MULTI 0x30
 
#define INTEG_PARAM_PULSE_COUNT1 0x00
#define INTEG_PARAM_PULSE_COUNT2 0x01
#define INTEG_PARAM_PULSE_COUNT4 0x02
#define INTEG_PARAM_PULSE_COUNT8 0x03
//Interrupt Control Register 
#define INTR_STOP 40
#define INTR_DISABLE 0x00
#define INTR_LEVEL 0x10
#define INTR_PERSIST_EVERY 0x00
#define INTR_PERSIST_SINGLE 0x01
//Interrupt Souce Register
#define INT_SOURCE_GREEN 0x00
#define INT_SOURCE_RED 0x01
#define INT_SOURCE_BLUE 0x10
#define INT_SOURCE_CLEAR 0x03
//Gain Register
#define GAIN_1 0x00
#define GAIN_4 0x10
#define GAIN_16 0x20
#define GANI_64 0x30
#define PRESCALER_1 0x00
#define PRESCALER_2 0x01
#define PRESCALER_4 0x02
#define PRESCALER_8 0x03
#define PRESCALER_16 0x04
#define PRESCALER_32 0x05
#define PRESCALER_64 0x06
 
int readingdata[20];
int i,green,red,blue,clr,ctl;
double X,Y,Z,x,y,z;
void setup()
{  
	Serial.begin(9600);
	Wire.begin(); // join i2c bus (address optional for master)
}
void loop()
{
  setTimingReg(INTEG_MODE_FREE);//Set trigger mode.Including free mode,manually mode,single synchronizition mode or so.
  setInterruptSourceReg(INT_SOURCE_GREEN); //Set interrupt source 
  setInterruptControlReg(INTR_LEVEL|INTR_PERSIST_EVERY);//Set interrupt mode
  setGain(GAIN_1|PRESCALER_4);//Set gain value and prescaler value
  setEnableADC();//Start ADC of the color sensor
  while(1)
 { 
   readRGB();
   calculateCoordinate();
   delay(1000);
   clearInterrupt();  
 }
}
/************************************/
void setTimingReg(int x)
{
   Wire.beginTransmission(COLOR_SENSOR_ADDR);
   Wire.write(REG_TIMING);
   Wire.write(x);
   Wire.endTransmission();  
   delay(100); 
}
void setInterruptSourceReg(int x)
{
   Wire.beginTransmission(COLOR_SENSOR_ADDR);
   Wire.write(REG_INT_SOURCE);
   Wire.write(x);
   Wire.endTransmission();  
   delay(100);
}
void setInterruptControlReg(int x)
{
   Wire.beginTransmission(COLOR_SENSOR_ADDR);
   Wire.write(REG_INT);
   Wire.write(x);
   Wire.endTransmission();  
   delay(100);
}
void setGain(int x)
{
   Wire.beginTransmission(COLOR_SENSOR_ADDR);
   Wire.write(REG_GAIN);
   Wire.write(x);
   Wire.endTransmission();
}
void setEnableADC()
{
 
   Wire.beginTransmission(COLOR_SENSOR_ADDR);
   Wire.write(REG_CTL);
   Wire.write(CTL_DAT_INIITIATE);
   Wire.endTransmission();  
   delay(100);  
}
void clearInterrupt()
{
   Wire.beginTransmission(COLOR_SENSOR_ADDR);
   Wire.write(CLR_INT);
   Wire.endTransmission(); 
}
void readRGB()
{
  Wire.beginTransmission(COLOR_SENSOR_ADDR);
   Wire.write(REG_BLOCK_READ);
   Wire.endTransmission();
 
   Wire.beginTransmission(COLOR_SENSOR_ADDR);
   Wire.requestFrom(COLOR_SENSOR_ADDR,8);
   delay(500);
   if(8<= Wire.available())    // if two bytes were received 
  { 
    for(i=0;i<8;i++)
    {
      readingdata[i]=Wire.read();
      //Serial.println(readingdata[i],BIN);
     }
  }
  green=readingdata[1]*256+readingdata[0];
  red=readingdata[3]*256+readingdata[2];
  blue=readingdata[5]*256+readingdata[4];
  clr=readingdata[7]*256+readingdata[6];
  Serial.println("The RGB value and Clear channel value are");
  Serial.println(red,DEC);
  Serial.println(green,DEC);
  Serial.println(blue,DEC);
  Serial.println(clr,DEC);  
}
void calculateCoordinate()
{
  X=(-0.14282)*red+(1.54924)*green+(-0.95641)*blue;
  Y=(-0.32466)*red+(1.57837)*green+(-0.73191)*blue;
  Z=(-0.68202)*red+(0.77073)*green+(0.56332)*blue;
  x=X/(X+Y+Z);
  y=Y/(X+Y+Z);
  if((X>0)&&(Y>0)&&(Z>0))
  {
    Serial.println("The x,y value is");
	Serial.print("(");
    Serial.print(x,2);
	Serial.print(" , ");
    Serial.print(y,2);
	Serial.println(")");
	Serial.println("Please reference the figure(Chromaticity Diagram) in the wiki ");
	Serial.println("so as to get the recommended color.");
  }
 else
 Serial.println("Error,the value overflow");
}
</source>
*选择正确的板卡和COM端口，编译通过后直接下载。
[[file:upload.JPG|600px|center]]
*打开串口监视器。
[[file:comxx.JPG|600px|center]]
**获得X、Y结果后，根据下图得到对应的颜色值。
[[file:Chromaticity_Diagram.jpg|400px|center]]

== 拓展阅读 ==

色彩传感器使用的是TCS3414CS色彩芯片，检测的返回数据包含4个通道：红色（R）、绿色（G）、蓝色（B）、空白（C），然后这4个通道的数据可以转化为色度图上的X、Y值。这个转化是依据Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE)的标准。<br />

[[File:Coordinates transform.png|thumb|center|400px]]
 
通过下面的方程进行转化: <br>[[File:Equations.png|thumb|center|400px]]<br clear="all">

==视频==

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