Lesson 23--Microduino "Serial port receives string and translated into an array"

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Objective

This lesson will show to how to translate the string received from serial port into an array and then use these data to control LED. For example, the serial port received data "100,200,300,400,500,600", then output the PWM by port 3,5,6,9,10 they are the PWM output port on Microduino.

Equipment

Microduino-Core Microduino-FT232R

  • Other hardware equipment
    • Breadboard Jumper one box
    • Breadboard one piece
    • LED six
    • 220Ω resistor six
    • USB Data cable one

Schematic

  • Example program
    //Define a comdata variable and the initial value is NULL
String comdata = ""; //Define a comdata variable and the initial value is NULL
    //numdata is array to save the character data
int numdata[6] = {0}, PWMPin[6] = {3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11}, mark = 0;
void setup()
{
    //Define Pin 0~6 as output
  for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) pinMode(PWMPin[i], OUTPUT);
    Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
    //j is the index in the array numdata
  int j = 0;
  
      //Check the serial buffer, read the string one by one
  while (Serial.available() > 0)
  {
      //Append the string to comdata
    comdata += char(Serial.read());
          //Delay 2ms, serial port will prepare the next number. If not, will lost data
    delay(2);
         //Make the serial data, if no data, break this while
    mark = 1;
  }
  
      if(mark == 1)  //If received data, then splite comdata, otherwise no action
      {
      //Display input string (optional)
        Serial.println(comdata);
          //Display the length of input string (optional)
        Serial.println(comdata.length());
        
    /*******************Important content*******************/
    //Go through the input string by the lenght
        for(int i = 0; i < comdata.length() ; i++)
        {
        //Analyze the comdate[i], if it is a separator(In this example,it is comma), then analyze next array element
        //For example:11,22,33,55, the 11 will be stored in numdata[0], when find the comman, j will be increased to 1
        //Then will store new character to numdata[1],find the comman again,will use numdata[2],until the end of the string

          if(comdata[i] == ',')
          {
            j++;
          }
          else
          {  //If no comma, (input number) * 10 + (the number of read before)
             //(comdata[i] - '0') means that convert char '0' to ASCII number 0
             //If input number is 12345, there are 5 times without comma, then following sentence will execute 5 times
             //The left number will be got first and numdata[0]=0,
             //So the first circulation is taht numdata[0] = 0*10+1 = 1
             //The second time: numdata[0]=1, circulation is: numdata[0] = 1*10+2 = 12
             //The third time: numdata[0]=12, circulation is: numdata[0] = 12*10+3 = 123
             //The forth time: numdata[0]=123, circulation is: numdata[0] = 123*10+4 = 1234
             //At last the string is 0
            numdata[j] = numdata[j] * 10 + (comdata[i] - '0');
          }
        }
        //comdata string has been converted to number and stored in numdata, clean the comdata for next time using
        //If not, this time's result will impact next time
        comdata = String("");
        
        
        //Output numdata in circle, and write to PWM pin
        for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
        {
          Serial.print("Pin ");
          Serial.print(PWMPin[i]);
          Serial.print(" = ");
          Serial.println(numdata[i]);
          analogWrite(PWMPin[i], numdata[i]);
          numdata[i] = 0;
        }
        //Reset the mark to 0 for next circulation use
        mark = 0;
      }
       }

Result

  • Serial Monitor:

In serial window, input six groups data splited by comma, then printed out the PWM value of corresponding six PWM ports

  • LED monitor:

In serial window input six groups data splited by comman, then you can see the LED's brightness. The higher the value of the digital, the more brightness.